from The Middle East Quarterly:
A mere decade ago, Christian Zionism was seen as an emerging force in
American politics. As if out of nowhere, a block of fifty to one
hundred million friends of Israel were poised to enter the national
debate and safeguard the U.S.-Israel relationship for generations to
come. Evangelical love for Israel appeared so solid that the only debate
within the Jewish community was whether or not to “accept” it.
How quickly things change. The days of taking evangelical support for
Israel for granted are over. As they are increasingly confronted with
an evangelical-friendly, anti-Israel narrative, more and more of these
Christians are turning against the Jewish state.
There is troubling precedent for such an about-face. At one
time—prior to the 1967 war— the mainline Protestant denominations were
among Israel’s most reliable American supporters. Israel’s opponents,
therefore, targeted these denominations with mainline-friendly,
anti-Israel messages. There are still many mainline Protestants who
support Israel today. But to the extent the mainline denominations act
corporately in connection with the Jewish state, it is to divest from
it. And it is from Israel—not Iran—that they seek to divest.
In a similar fashion, Palestinian Christians and their American
sympathizers are successfully promoting a narrative aimed at reaching
the rising generation of evangelicals and turning them against Israel.
As a result, more leaders of this generation are moving toward
neutrality in the conflict while others are becoming outspoken critics
of Israel. Questioning Christian support for the Jewish state is fast
becoming a key way for the millennials to demonstrate their Christian
compassion and political independence. In short, this population is in
play.
The Shift
There is nothing new about the efforts to drive a wedge between
America’s evangelicals and Israel. Many in the anti-Israel camp have
been working for years to do exactly that. Anti-Israel Palestinian
Christians such as Sami Awad and Naim Ateek have traveled the country
telling American Christians how their “brothers and sisters in Christ”
are being oppressed by Israel’s Jews. Left-leaning evangelicals such as
Jim Wallis, Tony Campolo, and Serge Duss have echoed this narrative in
their corner of the Christian world. Duss’s sons, Brian and Matt, have
worked diligently to mainstream their father’s views within the fields
of Christian philanthropy and Democratic Party policy-making,
respectively.
Until the past couple of years, however, there was little reason to
believe that these individuals were influencing Christians beyond their
own narrow circles. Almost every significant evangelical leader who took
a position on the issue came out squarely behind the Jewish state. A
center-right evangelical world simply was not taking its political cues
from these stalwarts of the left.
This situation is changing dramatically. With every passing month,
more evidence is emerging that these anti-Israel Christians are
succeeding in reaching beyond the evangelical left and are influencing
the mainstream. In particular, they are penetrating the evangelical
world at its soft underbelly: the millennial generation. These young
believers (roughly ages 18 to 30) are rebelling against what they
perceive as the excessive biblical literalism and political conservatism
of their parents. As they strive with a renewed vigor to imitate Jesus’
stand with the oppressed and downtrodden, they want to decide for
themselves which party is being oppressed in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Whoever first defines the conflict for these young people will win lifelong allies.
Of Polling and Documentaries
In October 2010, the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life conducted a
major survey of evangelical leaders attending the Third Lausanne
Congress of World Evangelization in Cape Town, South Africa. When asked
with which side of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict they sympathized,
these leaders answered as follows:
All Evangelicals (Global)
Sympathize With Israel—34%
Sympathize with the Palestinians—11%
Sympathize with Both Equally—39%
American Evangelicals
Sympathize with Israel—30%
Sympathize with the Palestinians—13%
Sympathize with Both Sides Equally—49%
The survey contained two bombshells. It showed that only a minority
of those evangelicals polled sympathized primarily with Israel. And it
demonstrated that American evangelical leaders were actually less
inclined to support Israel than evangelical leaders in general.
These figures may mean that evangelical support for Israel was never
as universal as was commonly believed. But they may also demonstrate
that years of grassroots efforts by Israel’s critics were beginning to
bear fruit even before their recent intensification.
The year 2010 was one of dramatic escalation in the efforts to drive a
wedge between American evangelicals and Israel using the medium of
film. In the span of that one year, no less than three major
documentaries were released attacking Christian support for Israel.
These were hardly the first anti-Israel movies to be produced. What made
these films special was that they were focused on discrediting
Christian support for Israel. While First Run Features’
Waiting for Armageddon was produced and directed by a team of secular documentarians, two other films—
With God on Our Side (Rooftop Productions, 2010) and
Little Town of Bethlehem(EthnoGraphic Media, 2010)—were made by Christians specifically for Christians.
With God on Our Side was produced by Porter Speakman, a former Youth with a Mission (YWAM) activist while
Little Town of Bethlehem was
funded and produced by Mart Green, chairman of the board of trustees of
Oral Roberts University and heir to the Hobby Lobby arts and crafts
stores fortune.
These two Christian-made films are masterpieces of deception. They
feature compelling protagonists wandering earnestly through a Middle
Eastern landscape in which all Arab violence, aggression, and
rejectionism have been magically erased. Thus the Israeli security
measures they encounter along the way—from the security fence to
Israel’s ongoing presence in the West Bank—are experienced as baffling
persecutions, which any decent person would condemn.
More recently, in November 2013, another anti-Israel documentary—
The Stones Cry Out—was
released. Like its 2010 predecessors, this documentary specifically
tailors its anti-Israel message to a Christian audience. The film’s
website laments: “All too often, media coverage of the conflict in
Palestine has framed it as a fight between Muslims and Jews.” The
not-too subtle goal of
The Stones Cry Out is to reframe the conflict as a fight between Christians and Jews.
The Stones Cry Out begins with the story of Kfar Biram, a
Christian Arab village on Israel’s border with Lebanon. Israel expelled
the village’s residents in 1948 in order to, in the words of the film’s
website, “make way for settlers in the newly created state of Israel.”
The film then moves on to “the expropriation of the West Bank in 1967″
and the plight of modern Bethlehem, which is “hemmed in by the wall.” As
such language repeatedly makes clear, the filmmakers did not craft a
nuanced critique of Israeli policies. They produced instead a modern
passion play.
In an interview about the film, Bethlehem pastor Mitri Raheb
summarizes the changes taking place in the American evangelical world:
It’s not a hopeless case. The first time I went to the
States in 1991, most of the people I met knew nothing about Palestine.
That has changed a lot. I see among the evangelical Christian community
more openness towards the Palestinians.
Raheb is right about the openness. And this could be a good thing if
it leads to an honest examination of the issue. Unfortunately, Raheb and
his colleagues are exploiting this openness by telling a one-sided
narrative of Jewish persecution of Christians that may sow the seeds of
future hate.
Of Campuses and Conferences
The effort to delegitimize Israel on America’s college campuses has
quickly progressed from news item to cliché. The annual Israel apartheid
weeks and the repeated divestment campaigns targeting everything from
university pension funds to cafeteria humus have become all too
familiar. But what many observers do not realize is that the effort to
demonize Israel is also being waged on America’s Christian campuses.
Perhaps the most troubling example comes from Wheaton College in
Illinois, commonly referred to as the “evangelical Harvard.” Some of the
most prominent church leaders in America have graduated from Wheaton,
including the Rev. Billy Graham, Sen. Dan Coats (Republican, Indiana),
and George W. Bush’s former speechwriter Michael Gerson.
Wheaton is also the home of Gary Burge, one of America’s most
prominent anti-Israel evangelicals. Burge travels the country and the
world accusing the Jewish state of the worst of crimes and engaging in a
mockery of Judaism that borders on anti-Semitism. When Christians
United for Israel (CUFI) announced plans to hold an event at Wheaton in
January 2009, Burge went on the offensive. CUFI’s student members came
under such intense pressure that they moved their event off-campus:
There would be no pro-Israel event at the evangelical Harvard.
Another of America’s leading Christian schools, Oral Roberts
University (ORU), has deep conservative Christian roots. Oral Roberts
himself was a Pentecostal televangelist and a strong friend of Israel.
Some of the leading preachers in America graduated from ORU, and its
board of trustees has included pro-Israel Christians such as pastors
John Hagee and Kenneth Copeland and Bishop Keith Butler.
But things may be changing at ORU. The current chair of ORU’s board
of trustees is the aforementioned Mart Green. He is reported to have
“saved” ORU with a $70 million cash infusion. In January 2013, ORU’s
board of trustees elected Billy Wilson as the university’s new
president; a few months later, Wilson was named as a speaker for 2014 at
the leading anti-Israel Christian conference, “Christ at the
Checkpoint.”
Bethel University in Minnesota provides a further example. While this
school lacks the national reputation of Wheaton or ORU, it is likely
more representative of the direction that America’s Christian colleges
are taking. Bethel’s leaders are neither leading nor funding the effort
to delegitimize Israel but are merely the products thereof. Like many
Christian schools, Bethel emphasizes racial reconciliation and cultural
openness and has accordingly developed numerous opportunities for its
students to study abroad. In 2010, Bethel’s president Jay Barnes and his
wife Barb visited Israel and the Palestinian Authority to explore the
prospect of building a study abroad program there. During the trip, they
visited Bethlehem and were exposed to the standard Christian
anti-Israel narrative. Like so many of her fellow travelers, Barb Barnes
apparently bought into this one-sided presentation. Shortly after her
return, Barnes posted a poem on the university’s website that summarized
the leading anti-Israel themes of these tours:
Incredible conflict exists in the land of Jesus’ birth/ I believe God mourns.
The wall is a constant reminder of many lost freedoms/ I believe God mourns.
For more than 60 years, people have lived in poverty in refugee camps/ I believe God mourns.
Apartheid has become a way of life/ I believe God mourns.
Extreme disproportional distribution of resources, such as water, exists/ I believe God mourns.
Hundreds of villages have been demolished to make room for settlements/ I believe God mourns.
Human rights violations occur daily/ I believe God mourns.
The Christian population is declining as many are leaving to avoid persecution/ I believe God mourns.
The Barnes visit did not motivate further study ultimately yielding a
more nuanced understanding. In October 2012, President Barnes hosted a
“Hope for the Holy Land” evening at Bethel, a one-sided, blame-Israel
speaking tour featuring Sami Awad, Lynn Hybels, and other long-standing
Christian critics of Israel.
One need not be a student to be exposed to this anti-Israel
narrative. In recent years, the number of Christian conferences focusing
entirely or partially on criticizing Israel has grown along with the
attendance at these conferences.
Since its founding in 1979, Bethlehem Bible College in the West Bank
has been a leading source of the anti-Israel Christian narrative. In
2010, it launched a biennial conference called “Christ at the
Checkpoint.” The name of the conference along with a photo of the Israel
security fence that forms its logo invoke the increasingly popular meme
that Jesus was a Palestinian who would be suffering under Israeli
occupation today much as he suffered under Roman occupation millennia
ago.
In 2010, the conference brought 250 Christian leaders and activists
to Bethlehem; in 2012, that number was more than 600 including such
mainstream evangelical leaders as mega-church pastor Joel Hunter and
Lynne Hybels, wife of mega-church pastor Bill Hybels, who has since
become a key evangelical critic of Israel.
The days when one had to travel to Bethlehem to hear such anti-Israel
voices are now over. The anti-Israel narrative of “Christ at the
Checkpoint” is now being shared at major Christian conferences in the
United States including those organized by Empowered21 and Catalyst.
Empowered21, the preeminent gathering of Pentecostal/Charismatic
Christians, provides a troubling example of this trend. Its leadership
is a who’s who of Pentecostal and Charismatic luminaries from around the
world, including many longstanding friends of Israel. However, the
leading critic of Israel among these leaders, Mart Green, appears to be
playing an outsized role in setting the conference’s agenda: Its 2012
conference in Virginia included a talk by Sami Awad and a screening of
Green’s film,
Little Town of Bethlehem.
Empowered21 has announced that it will hold its 2015 global congress
in Jerusalem. Given the conference’s connections to Sami Awad and Mart
Green, there is some skepticism whether the choice of location was
intended as a sign of solidarity with the Jewish state. Only time will
tell if the organization’s leadership will permit the conference to
become a one-sided Israel bashing fest.
Troubling developments are also taking place at the annual Catalyst
conference. First launched in 1999, Catalyst has quickly grown into the
largest gathering of young evangelical leaders in America with more than
100,000 leaders having made the annual trek to Atlanta to participate
in this conference since its inception. Additional Catalyst events are
now being held in Florida, Texas, and California.
In the past, Catalyst studiously avoided discussions of the
Arab-Israeli conflict. In 2012, however, Lynne Hybels was invited to
address “Peacemaking in Israel/Palestine.” No one was asked to provide a
pro-Israel perspective. As journalist Jim Fletcher observed after
attending Catalyst 2012:
In dozens of random conversations, I noted that
Millenials … expressed solidarity with the Palestinians and annoyance
with Israel. This is a seismic shift in the American church and a
serious threat to Israel’s one traditional area of support.
In addition to speaking at major conferences, anti-Israel speakers
such as Burge, Awad, Hybels, and Steven Sizer tour churches across the
country. The flyer for a September 2013 evening with Burge provides a
sense of the climate at these events. Entitled “Christian Zionism: A
Problem with a Solution,” the flyer includes a string of three lies that
form the core of the new Christian anti-Zionism:
Zionists in Israel have created a state that wants racial
purity. Many Zionists want native-born Christians to leave Israel.
Christian Zionists in America support Israel because they believe this
will accelerate the second coming of Christ.
Trips to “Israel/Palestine”
A growing number of organizations are bringing an increasing number
of Christian leaders, influencers, and students to visit
“Israel/Palestine.” These trips are well marketed and seek out
mainstream evangelicals by claiming to be both pro-Israeli and
pro-Palestinian—or simply “pro-people”—but never anti-Israel. Yet these
trips tend to focus on Palestinian suffering and to blame Israel alone
for this suffering.
The Telos Group, founded in 2009 and funded by George Soros, is
typical of these new organizations. Run by a savvy team professing a
moderate agenda, Telos promotes itself as “a leading organization of
America’s emerging pro-Israeli, pro-Palestinian, pro-American, pro-peace
movement.” Their tours take visitors to both Israel and the Palestinian
Authority where they meet with both Israelis and Palestinians. What
could be more evenhanded?
Yet these tours are carefully calibrated to teach their participants
that Israeli policy is the source of Israeli and Arab suffering and the
only real barrier to peace. The Palestinian speakers include extreme
critics of Israel such as Mitri Raheb and Archbishop Elias Chacour (both
featured prominently in
The Stones Cry Out). The Israeli
speakers, while not as extreme, are stalwarts of the far Left who
likewise blame Israel for the region’s problems. A brief visit with an
Israeli right-winger—usually a settler—does more to confirm this
one-sided narrative than challenge it. Telos organizes approximately
fifteen of these trips every year.
Another recent arrival on the scene is the Global Immersion Project.
Founded in 2011, the project seeks to “cultivate everyday peacemakers
through immersion in global conflict.” But thus far, the only conflict
they study is that between Israel and the Palestinians, and the only
trips they make are to “Israel/Palestine.” In 2014, they have two
“learning labs” scheduled in the Holy Land.
These newcomers have joined an old stalwart of the movement, the Holy
Land Trust. Founded in 1998 by Palestinian Christian activist Sami
Awad, the organization claims to promote nonviolent solutions to the
conflict with Israel. However, Awad has stated quite clearly on his blog
that nonviolence is “not a substitute for the armed struggle. This is
not a method for normalization with the occupation. Our goal is to
revive the popular resistance until every person is involved in
dismantling the occupation.” The Holy Land Trust promotes a strongly
biased version of history in which Israel alone is to blame for the
absence of peace. It shares this message to those who visit on their
various service projects, olive harvesting initiative, and “Palestine
Summer Encounter.”
The Generational Divide
Despite these troubling inroads, it is unlikely that an older
generation of evangelicals raised to support Israel will abandon it en
masse. The greater threat comes from the younger generation that never
developed such bonds and seems quite eager to question them. There is a
real danger that these films, conferences, and campus attacks will
combine to create a generational shift in attitudes toward Israel.
Most of the evangelicals who dominated Christian political activism
for the past few decades—men such as Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, and
Francis Schaeffer—were vocal supporters of Israel. While their children
may share this perspective, they tend to talk about it less. In fact,
Schaeffer’s son Frank has become a vocal critic of “the largely
unchallenged influence of Christian Zionism.”
Making matters worse, there is a cadre of rising young evangelical
stars who are bonding on trips to Israel and the Palestinian Authority
and returning to push their fellow evangelicals away from the Jewish
state. This is a largely well-coiffed and fashionably dressed bunch
dedicated to marketing Christianity to a skeptical generation by making
it cool, compassionate, and less overtly political. Questioning support
for Israel and expressing sympathy with the Palestinians is fast
becoming a hallmark of this clique.
This generational divide is best highlighted by the example of
Christian publisher Steven Strang and his son Cameron. Steven Strang
publishes
Charisma, a leading evangelical monthly with a
consistently pro-Israel perspective. He has also published works by many
prominent Christian authors, including pro-Israel stalwart John Hagee.
Strang was, until recently, regional director for Christians United for
Israel. His son Cameron publishes
Relevant, a highly popular
magazine among millennial evangelicals, claiming to “reach about
2,300,000 twenty- and thirty something Christians a month” through its
print and online publications.
Less than a decade ago,
Relevant was as pro-Israel as
Charisma. In December 2005, for example, it published a powerful, pro-Israel piece called “Israel: Why You Should Care.” In 2006,
Relevant interviewed the author of this article for its weekly podcast, and the interview could not have been friendlier.
Then Lynne Hybels took Cameron Strang to visit Israel and the
Palestinian territories, and everything changed. During Israel’s 2008-09
Operation Cast Lead in Gaza,
Relevant published an article
titled, “Is Israel Always Right?” in which the author dispensed with any
balanced analysis of urban counterterror operations to conclude: “When I
examine Israel’s choices like I would that of any other nation, I find
myself appalled that they’re not doing more to protect the innocents [in
Gaza].”
When Israel confronted Hamas again in November 2012,
Relevant published
an article titled, “How Should Christians Respond to the Middle East
Crisis” by Jon Huckins, a co-founder of the Global Immersion Project.
The article was an extended exercise in moral relativism, noting the
suffering on each side without attributing blame. Huckins never once
criticized Hamas, but he did take a thinly veiled swipe at Christian
Zionists by blasting the “hateful stereotyping, racism, and violent
response [to events in Gaza] being disseminated by Christians.”
Relevant‘s May/June 2012 cover featured Donald Miller, author of the
New York Timesbestseller
Blue Like Jazz (2003),
which was made into a 2012 movie. In August 2008, Miller delivered the
first night’s closing prayer at the Democratic National Convention. He
is considered a rising star among America’s 20-something evangelicals
who comprise many of his 189,000 Twitter followers. Miller visited
Israel and the Palestinian territories with Strang and has since
embraced the anti-Israel narrative. On November 12, 2012, Miller blogged
“The Painful Truth about the Situation in Israel.” Here he repeated a
number of outrageous lies about Israel he likely heard during his visit:
In September a group of journalists and I visited Israel
and stood on a hill overlooking the wall separating Israel from Gaza.
From our viewpoint, we could see the controversial territory where 1.6
million Palestinians have been walled in and secluded from the outside
world. They are, essentially, imprisoned.
The walls erected around the West Bank and Gaza separate families
from families. Many mothers will not see their children again. Millions
will never return to the homes their families had occupied for hundreds
of years. … Thousands of Palestinian students at American universities
will never see their families again.
Israel gives most Palestinians fresh water once each week. … In Gaza,
Israel also rations their food, allowing only so many calories per
human being.
The Response
Freeze the frame today, and the pro-Israel side is still far ahead in
the battle for the hearts and minds of America’s evangelicals. Just one
pro-Israel organization, Christians United for Israel, has over 1.6
million members, chapters on more than 120 college and university
campuses, and sponsors thirty-five pro-Israel events across the country
every month. Anti-Israel Christians do not come close to matching CUFI’s
size, activity, or influence.
But the long-term trends are now coming into sufficient focus to
discern a challenge. Anti-Israel Christians are on a roll. While small
in number, these activists seem to have extensive funds. They are taking
far more Christian leaders and influencers to Israel and the
Palestinian Authority than the pro-Israel side. Through these
newly-minted allies, they are reaching an ever expanding network of
evangelicals in the United States.
The threat is not that these activists will turn the majority of
American evangelicals into Israel haters. They do not have to. The real
danger is that they will teach their fellow evangelicals a moral
relativism that will neutralize them. The day that Israel is seen as the
moral equivalent of Hamas is the day that the evangelical community—and
by extension the political leaders it helps elect—will cease providing
the Jewish state any meaningful support.
Those who reject such facile moral equivalence must take this threat
seriously. They cannot let the evangelical community go the way of the
mainstream Protestant leadership. They must not forget that big lies
must be confronted early and often. And they dare not ignore the fact
that Israel’s enemies are telling very big lies to some very influential
Christians—and telling them quite well.