from The Middle East Quarterly:
A mere decade ago, Christian Zionism was seen as an emerging force in
 American politics. As if out of nowhere, a block of fifty to one 
hundred million friends of Israel were poised to enter the national 
debate and safeguard the U.S.-Israel relationship for generations to 
come. Evangelical love for Israel appeared so solid that the only debate
 within the Jewish community was whether or not to “accept” it.
How quickly things change. The days of taking evangelical support for
 Israel for granted are over. As they are increasingly confronted with 
an evangelical-friendly, anti-Israel narrative, more and more of these 
Christians are turning against the Jewish state.
There is troubling precedent for such an about-face. At one 
time—prior to the 1967 war— the mainline Protestant denominations were 
among Israel’s most reliable American supporters. Israel’s opponents, 
therefore, targeted these denominations with mainline-friendly, 
anti-Israel messages. There are still many mainline Protestants who 
support Israel today. But to the extent the mainline denominations act 
corporately in connection with the Jewish state, it is to divest from 
it. And it is from Israel—not Iran—that they seek to divest.
In a similar fashion, Palestinian Christians and their American 
sympathizers are successfully promoting a narrative aimed at reaching 
the rising generation of evangelicals and turning them against Israel. 
As a result, more leaders of this generation are moving toward 
neutrality in the conflict while others are becoming outspoken critics 
of Israel. Questioning Christian support for the Jewish state is fast 
becoming a key way for the millennials to demonstrate their Christian 
compassion and political independence. In short, this population is in 
play.
The Shift
There is nothing new about the efforts to drive a wedge between 
America’s evangelicals and Israel. Many in the anti-Israel camp have 
been working for years to do exactly that. Anti-Israel Palestinian 
Christians such as Sami Awad and Naim Ateek have traveled the country 
telling American Christians how their “brothers and sisters in Christ” 
are being oppressed by Israel’s Jews. Left-leaning evangelicals such as 
Jim Wallis, Tony Campolo, and Serge Duss have echoed this narrative in 
their corner of the Christian world. Duss’s sons, Brian and Matt, have 
worked diligently to mainstream their father’s views within the fields 
of Christian philanthropy and Democratic Party policy-making, 
respectively.
Until the past couple of years, however, there was little reason to 
believe that these individuals were influencing Christians beyond their 
own narrow circles. Almost every significant evangelical leader who took
 a position on the issue came out squarely behind the Jewish state. A 
center-right evangelical world simply was not taking its political cues 
from these stalwarts of the left.
This situation is changing dramatically. With every passing month, 
more evidence is emerging that these anti-Israel Christians are 
succeeding in reaching beyond the evangelical left and are influencing 
the mainstream. In particular, they are penetrating the evangelical 
world at its soft underbelly: the millennial generation. These young 
believers (roughly ages 18 to 30) are rebelling against what they 
perceive as the excessive biblical literalism and political conservatism
 of their parents. As they strive with a renewed vigor to imitate Jesus’
 stand with the oppressed and downtrodden, they want to decide for 
themselves which party is being oppressed in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Whoever first defines the conflict for these young people will win lifelong allies.
Of Polling and Documentaries
In October 2010, the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life conducted a
 major survey of evangelical leaders attending the Third Lausanne 
Congress of World Evangelization in Cape Town, South Africa. When asked 
with which side of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict they sympathized, 
these leaders answered as follows:
All Evangelicals (Global)
Sympathize With Israel—34%
Sympathize with the Palestinians—11%
Sympathize with Both Equally—39%
American Evangelicals
Sympathize with Israel—30%
Sympathize with the Palestinians—13%
Sympathize with Both Sides Equally—49%
The survey contained two bombshells. It showed that only a minority 
of those evangelicals polled sympathized primarily with Israel. And it 
demonstrated that American evangelical leaders were actually less 
inclined to support Israel than evangelical leaders in general.
These figures may mean that evangelical support for Israel was never 
as universal as was commonly believed. But they may also demonstrate 
that years of grassroots efforts by Israel’s critics were beginning to 
bear fruit even before their recent intensification.
The year 2010 was one of dramatic escalation in the efforts to drive a
 wedge between American evangelicals and Israel using the medium of 
film. In the span of that one year, no less than three major 
documentaries were released attacking Christian support for Israel. 
These were hardly the first anti-Israel movies to be produced. What made
 these films special was that they were focused on discrediting 
Christian support for Israel. While First Run Features’ 
Waiting for Armageddon was produced and directed by a team of secular documentarians, two other films—
With God on Our Side (Rooftop Productions, 2010) and 
Little Town of Bethlehem(EthnoGraphic Media, 2010)—were made by Christians specifically for Christians. 
With God on Our Side was produced by Porter Speakman, a former Youth with a Mission (YWAM) activist while 
Little Town of Bethlehem was
 funded and produced by Mart Green, chairman of the board of trustees of
 Oral Roberts University and heir to the Hobby Lobby arts and crafts 
stores fortune.
These two Christian-made films are masterpieces of deception. They 
feature compelling protagonists wandering earnestly through a Middle 
Eastern landscape in which all Arab violence, aggression, and 
rejectionism have been magically erased. Thus the Israeli security 
measures they encounter along the way—from the security fence to 
Israel’s ongoing presence in the West Bank—are experienced as baffling 
persecutions, which any decent person would condemn.
More recently, in November 2013, another anti-Israel documentary—
The Stones Cry Out—was
 released. Like its 2010 predecessors, this documentary specifically 
tailors its anti-Israel message to a Christian audience. The film’s 
website laments: “All too often, media coverage of the conflict in 
Palestine has framed it as a fight between Muslims and Jews.” The 
not-too subtle goal of 
The Stones Cry Out is to reframe the conflict as a fight between Christians and Jews.
The Stones Cry Out begins with the story of Kfar Biram, a 
Christian Arab village on Israel’s border with Lebanon. Israel expelled 
the village’s residents in 1948 in order to, in the words of the film’s 
website, “make way for settlers in the newly created state of Israel.” 
The film then moves on to “the expropriation of the West Bank in 1967″ 
and the plight of modern Bethlehem, which is “hemmed in by the wall.” As
 such language repeatedly makes clear, the filmmakers did not craft a 
nuanced critique of Israeli policies. They produced instead a modern 
passion play.
In an interview about the film, Bethlehem pastor Mitri Raheb 
summarizes the changes taking place in the American evangelical world:
It’s not a hopeless case. The first time I went to the 
States in 1991, most of the people I met knew nothing about Palestine. 
That has changed a lot. I see among the evangelical Christian community 
more openness towards the Palestinians.
Raheb is right about the openness. And this could be a good thing if 
it leads to an honest examination of the issue. Unfortunately, Raheb and
 his colleagues are exploiting this openness by telling a one-sided 
narrative of Jewish persecution of Christians that may sow the seeds of 
future hate.
Of Campuses and Conferences
The effort to delegitimize Israel on America’s college campuses has 
quickly progressed from news item to cliché. The annual Israel apartheid
 weeks and the repeated divestment campaigns targeting everything from 
university pension funds to cafeteria humus have become all too 
familiar. But what many observers do not realize is that the effort to 
demonize Israel is also being waged on America’s Christian campuses.
Perhaps the most troubling example comes from Wheaton College in 
Illinois, commonly referred to as the “evangelical Harvard.” Some of the
 most prominent church leaders in America have graduated from Wheaton, 
including the Rev. Billy Graham, Sen. Dan Coats (Republican, Indiana), 
and George W. Bush’s former speechwriter Michael Gerson.
Wheaton is also the home of Gary Burge, one of America’s most 
prominent anti-Israel evangelicals. Burge travels the country and the 
world accusing the Jewish state of the worst of crimes and engaging in a
 mockery of Judaism that borders on anti-Semitism. When Christians 
United for Israel (CUFI) announced plans to hold an event at Wheaton in 
January 2009, Burge went on the offensive. CUFI’s student members came 
under such intense pressure that they moved their event off-campus: 
There would be no pro-Israel event at the evangelical Harvard.
Another of America’s leading Christian schools, Oral Roberts 
University (ORU), has deep conservative Christian roots. Oral Roberts 
himself was a Pentecostal televangelist and a strong friend of Israel. 
Some of the leading preachers in America graduated from ORU, and its 
board of trustees has included pro-Israel Christians such as pastors 
John Hagee and Kenneth Copeland and Bishop Keith Butler.
But things may be changing at ORU. The current chair of ORU’s board 
of trustees is the aforementioned Mart Green. He is reported to have 
“saved” ORU with a $70 million cash infusion. In January 2013, ORU’s 
board of trustees elected Billy Wilson as the university’s new 
president; a few months later, Wilson was named as a speaker for 2014 at
 the leading anti-Israel Christian conference, “Christ at the 
Checkpoint.”
Bethel University in Minnesota provides a further example. While this
 school lacks the national reputation of Wheaton or ORU, it is likely 
more representative of the direction that America’s Christian colleges 
are taking. Bethel’s leaders are neither leading nor funding the effort 
to delegitimize Israel but are merely the products thereof. Like many 
Christian schools, Bethel emphasizes racial reconciliation and cultural 
openness and has accordingly developed numerous opportunities for its 
students to study abroad. In 2010, Bethel’s president Jay Barnes and his
 wife Barb visited Israel and the Palestinian Authority to explore the 
prospect of building a study abroad program there. During the trip, they
 visited Bethlehem and were exposed to the standard Christian 
anti-Israel narrative. Like so many of her fellow travelers, Barb Barnes
 apparently bought into this one-sided presentation. Shortly after her 
return, Barnes posted a poem on the university’s website that summarized
 the leading anti-Israel themes of these tours:
Incredible conflict exists in the land of Jesus’ birth/ I believe God mourns.
The wall is a constant reminder of many lost freedoms/ I believe God mourns.
For more than 60 years, people have lived in poverty in refugee camps/ I believe God mourns.
Apartheid has become a way of life/ I believe God mourns.
Extreme disproportional distribution of resources, such as water, exists/ I believe God mourns.
Hundreds of villages have been demolished to make room for settlements/ I believe God mourns.
Human rights violations occur daily/ I believe God mourns.
The Christian population is declining as many are leaving to avoid persecution/ I believe God mourns.
The Barnes visit did not motivate further study ultimately yielding a
 more nuanced understanding. In October 2012, President Barnes hosted a 
“Hope for the Holy Land” evening at Bethel, a one-sided, blame-Israel 
speaking tour featuring Sami Awad, Lynn Hybels, and other long-standing 
Christian critics of Israel.
One need not be a student to be exposed to this anti-Israel 
narrative. In recent years, the number of Christian conferences focusing
 entirely or partially on criticizing Israel has grown along with the 
attendance at these conferences.
Since its founding in 1979, Bethlehem Bible College in the West Bank 
has been a leading source of the anti-Israel Christian narrative. In 
2010, it launched a biennial conference called “Christ at the 
Checkpoint.” The name of the conference along with a photo of the Israel
 security fence that forms its logo invoke the increasingly popular meme
 that Jesus was a Palestinian who would be suffering under Israeli 
occupation today much as he suffered under Roman occupation millennia 
ago.
In 2010, the conference brought 250 Christian leaders and activists 
to Bethlehem; in 2012, that number was more than 600 including such 
mainstream evangelical leaders as mega-church pastor Joel Hunter and 
Lynne Hybels, wife of mega-church pastor Bill Hybels, who has since 
become a key evangelical critic of Israel.
The days when one had to travel to Bethlehem to hear such anti-Israel
 voices are now over. The anti-Israel narrative of “Christ at the 
Checkpoint” is now being shared at major Christian conferences in the 
United States including those organized by Empowered21 and Catalyst.
Empowered21, the preeminent gathering of Pentecostal/Charismatic 
Christians, provides a troubling example of this trend. Its leadership 
is a who’s who of Pentecostal and Charismatic luminaries from around the
 world, including many longstanding friends of Israel. However, the 
leading critic of Israel among these leaders, Mart Green, appears to be 
playing an outsized role in setting the conference’s agenda: Its 2012 
conference in Virginia included a talk by Sami Awad and a screening of 
Green’s film, 
Little Town of Bethlehem.
Empowered21 has announced that it will hold its 2015 global congress 
in Jerusalem. Given the conference’s connections to Sami Awad and Mart 
Green, there is some skepticism whether the choice of location was 
intended as a sign of solidarity with the Jewish state. Only time will 
tell if the organization’s leadership will permit the conference to 
become a one-sided Israel bashing fest.
Troubling developments are also taking place at the annual Catalyst 
conference. First launched in 1999, Catalyst has quickly grown into the 
largest gathering of young evangelical leaders in America with more than
 100,000 leaders having made the annual trek to Atlanta to participate 
in this conference since its inception. Additional Catalyst events are 
now being held in Florida, Texas, and California.
In the past, Catalyst studiously avoided discussions of the 
Arab-Israeli conflict. In 2012, however, Lynne Hybels was invited to 
address “Peacemaking in Israel/Palestine.” No one was asked to provide a
 pro-Israel perspective. As journalist Jim Fletcher observed after 
attending Catalyst 2012:
In dozens of random conversations, I noted that 
Millenials … expressed solidarity with the Palestinians and annoyance 
with Israel. This is a seismic shift in the American church and a 
serious threat to Israel’s one traditional area of support.
In addition to speaking at major conferences, anti-Israel speakers 
such as Burge, Awad, Hybels, and Steven Sizer tour churches across the 
country. The flyer for a September 2013 evening with Burge provides a 
sense of the climate at these events. Entitled “Christian Zionism: A 
Problem with a Solution,” the flyer includes a string of three lies that
 form the core of the new Christian anti-Zionism:
Zionists in Israel have created a state that wants racial
 purity. Many Zionists want native-born Christians to leave Israel. 
Christian Zionists in America support Israel because they believe this 
will accelerate the second coming of Christ.
Trips to “Israel/Palestine”
A growing number of organizations are bringing an increasing number 
of Christian leaders, influencers, and students to visit 
“Israel/Palestine.” These trips are well marketed and seek out 
mainstream evangelicals by claiming to be both pro-Israeli and 
pro-Palestinian—or simply “pro-people”—but never anti-Israel. Yet these 
trips tend to focus on Palestinian suffering and to blame Israel alone 
for this suffering.
The Telos Group, founded in 2009 and funded by George Soros, is 
typical of these new organizations. Run by a savvy team professing a 
moderate agenda, Telos promotes itself as “a leading organization of 
America’s emerging pro-Israeli, pro-Palestinian, pro-American, pro-peace
 movement.” Their tours take visitors to both Israel and the Palestinian
 Authority where they meet with both Israelis and Palestinians. What 
could be more evenhanded?
Yet these tours are carefully calibrated to teach their participants 
that Israeli policy is the source of Israeli and Arab suffering and the 
only real barrier to peace. The Palestinian speakers include extreme 
critics of Israel such as Mitri Raheb and Archbishop Elias Chacour (both
 featured prominently in 
The Stones Cry Out). The Israeli 
speakers, while not as extreme, are stalwarts of the far Left who 
likewise blame Israel for the region’s problems. A brief visit with an 
Israeli right-winger—usually a settler—does more to confirm this 
one-sided narrative than challenge it. Telos organizes approximately 
fifteen of these trips every year.
Another recent arrival on the scene is the Global Immersion Project. 
Founded in 2011, the project seeks to “cultivate everyday peacemakers 
through immersion in global conflict.” But thus far, the only conflict 
they study is that between Israel and the Palestinians, and the only 
trips they make are to “Israel/Palestine.” In 2014, they have two 
“learning labs” scheduled in the Holy Land.
These newcomers have joined an old stalwart of the movement, the Holy
 Land Trust. Founded in 1998 by Palestinian Christian activist Sami 
Awad, the organization claims to promote nonviolent solutions to the 
conflict with Israel. However, Awad has stated quite clearly on his blog
 that nonviolence is “not a substitute for the armed struggle. This is 
not a method for normalization with the occupation. Our goal is to 
revive the popular resistance until every person is involved in 
dismantling the occupation.” The Holy Land Trust promotes a strongly 
biased version of history in which Israel alone is to blame for the 
absence of peace. It shares this message to those who visit on their 
various service projects, olive harvesting initiative, and “Palestine 
Summer Encounter.”
The Generational Divide
Despite these troubling inroads, it is unlikely that an older 
generation of evangelicals raised to support Israel will abandon it en 
masse. The greater threat comes from the younger generation that never 
developed such bonds and seems quite eager to question them. There is a 
real danger that these films, conferences, and campus attacks will 
combine to create a generational shift in attitudes toward Israel.
Most of the evangelicals who dominated Christian political activism 
for the past few decades—men such as Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, and 
Francis Schaeffer—were vocal supporters of Israel. While their children 
may share this perspective, they tend to talk about it less. In fact, 
Schaeffer’s son Frank has become a vocal critic of “the largely 
unchallenged influence of Christian Zionism.”
Making matters worse, there is a cadre of rising young evangelical 
stars who are bonding on trips to Israel and the Palestinian Authority 
and returning to push their fellow evangelicals away from the Jewish 
state. This is a largely well-coiffed and fashionably dressed bunch 
dedicated to marketing Christianity to a skeptical generation by making 
it cool, compassionate, and less overtly political. Questioning support 
for Israel and expressing sympathy with the Palestinians is fast 
becoming a hallmark of this clique.
This generational divide is best highlighted by the example of 
Christian publisher Steven Strang and his son Cameron. Steven Strang 
publishes 
Charisma, a leading evangelical monthly with a 
consistently pro-Israel perspective. He has also published works by many
 prominent Christian authors, including pro-Israel stalwart John Hagee. 
Strang was, until recently, regional director for Christians United for 
Israel. His son Cameron publishes 
Relevant, a highly popular 
magazine among millennial evangelicals, claiming to “reach about 
2,300,000 twenty- and thirty something Christians a month” through its 
print and online publications.
Less than a decade ago, 
Relevant was as pro-Israel as 
Charisma. In December 2005, for example, it published a powerful, pro-Israel piece called “Israel: Why You Should Care.” In 2006, 
Relevant interviewed the author of this article for its weekly podcast, and the interview could not have been friendlier.
Then Lynne Hybels took Cameron Strang to visit Israel and the 
Palestinian territories, and everything changed. During Israel’s 2008-09
 Operation Cast Lead in Gaza, 
Relevant published an article 
titled, “Is Israel Always Right?” in which the author dispensed with any
 balanced analysis of urban counterterror operations to conclude: “When I
 examine Israel’s choices like I would that of any other nation, I find 
myself appalled that they’re not doing more to protect the innocents [in
 Gaza].”
When Israel confronted Hamas again in November 2012, 
Relevant published
 an article titled, “How Should Christians Respond to the Middle East 
Crisis” by Jon Huckins, a co-founder of the Global Immersion Project. 
The article was an extended exercise in moral relativism, noting the 
suffering on each side without attributing blame. Huckins never once 
criticized Hamas, but he did take a thinly veiled swipe at Christian 
Zionists by blasting the “hateful stereotyping, racism, and violent 
response [to events in Gaza] being disseminated by Christians.”
Relevant‘s May/June 2012 cover featured Donald Miller, author of the 
New York Timesbestseller 
Blue Like Jazz (2003),
 which was made into a 2012 movie. In August 2008, Miller delivered the 
first night’s closing prayer at the Democratic National Convention. He 
is considered a rising star among America’s 20-something evangelicals 
who comprise many of his 189,000 Twitter followers. Miller visited 
Israel and the Palestinian territories with Strang and has since 
embraced the anti-Israel narrative. On November 12, 2012, Miller blogged
 “The Painful Truth about the Situation in Israel.” Here he repeated a 
number of outrageous lies about Israel he likely heard during his visit:
In September a group of journalists and I visited Israel 
and stood on a hill overlooking the wall separating Israel from Gaza. 
From our viewpoint, we could see the controversial territory where 1.6 
million Palestinians have been walled in and secluded from the outside 
world. They are, essentially, imprisoned.
The walls erected around the West Bank and Gaza separate families 
from families. Many mothers will not see their children again. Millions 
will never return to the homes their families had occupied for hundreds 
of years. … Thousands of Palestinian students at American universities 
will never see their families again.
Israel gives most Palestinians fresh water once each week. … In Gaza,
 Israel also rations their food, allowing only so many calories per 
human being.
The Response
Freeze the frame today, and the pro-Israel side is still far ahead in
 the battle for the hearts and minds of America’s evangelicals. Just one
 pro-Israel organization, Christians United for Israel, has over 1.6 
million members, chapters on more than 120 college and university 
campuses, and sponsors thirty-five pro-Israel events across the country 
every month. Anti-Israel Christians do not come close to matching CUFI’s
 size, activity, or influence.
But the long-term trends are now coming into sufficient focus to 
discern a challenge. Anti-Israel Christians are on a roll. While small 
in number, these activists seem to have extensive funds. They are taking
 far more Christian leaders and influencers to Israel and the 
Palestinian Authority than the pro-Israel side. Through these 
newly-minted allies, they are reaching an ever expanding network of 
evangelicals in the United States.
The threat is not that these activists will turn the majority of 
American evangelicals into Israel haters. They do not have to. The real 
danger is that they will teach their fellow evangelicals a moral 
relativism that will neutralize them. The day that Israel is seen as the
 moral equivalent of Hamas is the day that the evangelical community—and
 by extension the political leaders it helps elect—will cease providing 
the Jewish state any meaningful support.
Those who reject such facile moral equivalence must take this threat 
seriously. They cannot let the evangelical community go the way of the 
mainstream Protestant leadership. They must not forget that big lies 
must be confronted early and often. And they dare not ignore the fact 
that Israel’s enemies are telling very big lies to some very influential
 Christians—and telling them quite well.